oalib

OALib Journal期刊

ISSN: 2333-9721

费用：99美元

投稿

时间不限

( 2022 )

( 2020 )

( 2019 )

( 2018 )

自定义范围…

匹配条件： “ Finn Skjeldestad ” ，找到相关结果约906条。
列表显示的所有文章，均可免费获取
第1页/共906条
每页显示 条
Socioeconomic conditions and number of pain sites in women
Toril Rannestad, Finn Skjeldestad
BMC Women's Health , 2012, DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-12-7
Abstract: The study population comprised 653 women; 160 recurrence-free long-term gynecological cancer survivors, and 493 women selected at random from the general population. Demographic characteristics and co-morbidity over the past 12 months were assessed. Socioeconomic conditions were measured by Socioeconomic Condition Index (SCI), comprising education, employment status, income, ability to pay bills, self-perceived health, and satisfaction with number of close friends. Main outcome measure NPS was recorded using a body outline diagram indicating where the respondents had experienced pain during the past week. Chi-square test and forward stepwise logistic regression were applied.There were only minor differences in SCI scores between women with 0, 1-2 or 3 NPS. Four or more NPS was associated with younger age, higher BMI and low SCI. After adjustment for age, BMI and co-morbidity, we found a strong association between low SCI scores and four or more NPS, indicating that there is a threshold in the NPS count for when socioeconomic determinants are associated to NPS in women.Living in deprived socioeconomic conditions is associated with higher prevalence of health complaints [1,2], like generalized [3], musculoskeletal [4], chronic non-malignant [5] and complex/frequent/intensive pain [6]. The most frequent measures of self-reported pain are frequency, severity, and specific pain locations. During the recent years number of pain sites (NPS) is regarded as a better parameter in pain assessment [7] and may be more important than actual sites in determining the impact on health [8] and functioning [9]. Females endorse a larger NPS than males [7,10-12], and high NPS is frequently reported around middle age [7,12,13]. Increasing NPS is related to impaired health status [10,12], and poorer general [9,14], as well as physical, psychological and social functioning outcomes [15]. However, little is known regarding the association between socioeconomic conditions and NPS. The aim of
Do Norwegian providers comply with national recommendations when prescribing combined oral contraceptives to starters? A cohort study
Finn Egil Skjeldestad,Julie Ekman
- , 2019, DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027888
Abstract: Objectives To assess whether changes in patterns of combined oral contraceptive (COC) prescriptions to starters between 2008 and 2016 were in line with changes in national recommendations for use. Design Historical prospective cohort study. Setting The national Norwegian Prescription Database. Participants Women aged 10–49 years who started COCs between 1 January 2008 and 30 June 2016, in total 285 009 women. Primary outcome The proportion of levonorgestrel-containing COC prescriptions to starters. Intervention The Norwegian Medical Agency recommended levonorgestrel-containing COCs to starters from 2010 onwards. Results The proportion of levonorgestrel-containing COCs prescribed to starters increased from 41% in 2008 to 80% in 2016 with the greatest increase from 2011 to 2012. This prescription pattern comprised all age groups but was observed to a lower extent among older women. Public health nurses and midwifes had the highest compliance with recommendations and prescribed levonorgestrel-containing COCs to 96% of starters aged <20 years in 2016, compared with 75% and 86% among general practitioners and doctors with no specialty. Conclusion All professions have increased the proportion of levonorgestrel-containing COC prescriptions to starters. Public health nurses and midwives had the highest compliance with the new recommendations. Future studies will examine whether this shift in prescription pattern has prevented venous thromboembolism in women of reproductive age in Norway
Prevalence and Risk Indicators for Anal Incontinence among Pregnant Women
Katariina Laine,Finn Egil Skjeldestad,Leiv Sandvik,Anne Cathrine Staff
ISRN Obstetrics and Gynecology , 2013, DOI: 10.1155/2013/947572
Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of anal incontinence in an unselected pregnant population at second trimester. A survey of pregnant women attending a routine ultrasound examination was conducted in a university hospital in Oslo, Norway. A questionnaire consisting of 105 items concerning anal incontinence (including St. Mark’s score), urinary incontinence, medication use, and comorbidity was posted to women when invited to the ultrasound examination. Results. Prevalence of self-reported anal incontinence (St. Mark’s score ≥ 3) was the lowest in the group of women with a previous cesarean section only (6.4%) and the highest among women with a previous delivery complicated by obstetric anal sphincter injury (24.4%). Among nulliparous women the prevalence of anal incontinence was 7.7% and was associated to low educational level and comorbidity. Prevalence of anal incontinence increased with increasing parity. Urinary incontinence was associated with anal incontinence in all parity groups. Conclusions. Anal incontinence was most frequent among women with a history of obstetric anal sphincter injury. Other obstetrical events had a minor effect on prevalence of anal incontinence among parous women. Prevention of obstetrical sphincter injury is likely the most important factor for reducing bothersome anal incontinence among fertile women. 1. Introduction Anal incontinence is a bothersome ailment associated with many health complaints and discomfort in daily life: hygienic problems, limitations in occupational and social life, sexual dysfunction, reduced quality of life, and altered self-esteem. Anal incontinence (AI) is defined as involuntary loss of flatus or feces [1]. Prevalence and severity of anal incontinence are measured by patient self-reporting and no objective assessment methods exist. Obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS) is one of the main causes for female AI reported in nonpregnant women. Additionally, multiple vaginal deliveries can increase the risk of AI regardless of anal sphincter injury [2, 3]. Age, obesity and medical conditions such as diabetic neuropathy and gastrointestinal disorders also increase the risk of anal incontinence [2, 4, 5]. Prevalence of anal incontinence among women differs largely (2–28%) in previous studies and differs between different study populations [4–6]. Postpartum studies show a high prevalence of AI in women having suffered from OASIS, 38–59% [6–8]. Women attending gynecological outpatient clinics have higher prevalence of AI (16–28%) compared with the general female
Incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injuries after training to protect the perineum: cohort study
Anne Cathrine Staff,Finn Egil Skjeldestad,Katariina Laine,Leiv Sandvik
- , 2012, DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001649
Abstract: Objective To compare the incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) in two time periods, before and after implementing a training programme for improved perineal support aimed at reducing the incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injuries. The secondary aim was to study incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injuries in subgroups defined by risk factors for OASIS. Design Population-based cohort study. Setting University hospital setting in Oslo, Norway. Participants Two cohorts of all delivering women in the largest hospital in Norway during two time periods (2003–2005 and 2008–2010) were studied. After excluding caesarean sections and preterm deliveries (< week 32), the study population consisted of 31？709 deliveries, among which 907 women were identified with obstetric anal sphincter injury. Primary and secondary outcome measures Incidence of OASIS in two time periods. Maternal, obstetrical and foetal risk factors for OASIS were collected from the hospital obstetric database. Univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression analyses, presenting adjusted ODs for OASIS, were performed. Results The OASIS incidence was significantly reduced by 50%, from 4% (591/14787) in the first time period to 1.9% (316/16？922) in the second. This reduction could not be explained by changes in population characteristics or OASIS risk factors during the study years. The reduction of incidence of OASIS between the two study periods was consistent across subgroups of women; regardless of parity, delivery method and infant birth weight. Conclusions A marked reduction in the incidence of OASIS was observed in all studied subgroups of women after implementing the training programme for perineal protection. Further, this reduction could not be explained by the differences in patient characteristics across the study period. These findings indicate that the training programme with improved perineal protection markedly reduced the risk of OASIS
Strong decline in female sterilization rates in Norway after the introduction of a new copayment system: a registry based study
Inger J Bakken, Finn E Skjeldestad, Unni Sch？yen, Marit G Husby
BMC Women's Health , 2007, DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-7-12
Abstract: We retrieved data on all female sterilizations 1999–2005 (N = 23 1333) from the Norwegian Patient Register, an administrative register to which it is mandatory for all hospitals to report. Sterilizations with diagnostic codes indicative of vaginal delivery, caesarean section, spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy, and termination of pregnancy were analyzed separately. All other sterilizations were defined as "interval sterilization".An abrupt fall in female sterilization was observed after the raise in copayment. Age-adjusted incidence rates dropped from 6.3–6.8 per 1000 women in 1999–2001 to 2.2–2.3 per 1000 women during 2002–2005. Interval sterilizations dropped to 25% of the previous level after the rise in copayment while sterilizations in conjunction with caesarean section and postpartum sterilization remained constant.For many Norwegian women seeking contraception, sterilization is no longer an available alternative.A new copayment system for sterilization was introduced in Norway January 1, 2002. Copayment for outpatients increased from 33 euros to 750 euros for women and from 27 euros to 156 euros for men. No copayment is charged from inpatients. This substantial change in copayment for sterilization was part of a revision of the health care system [1]. Norwegian citizens have the right to free medical care within certain limitations. In January 2002, a system was commenced where the right to medical care was divided into three levels, with sterilization in the lowest priority group with corresponding high copayment (50% and 100% of estimated costs for women and men, respectively).The Norwegian Patient Register is an administrative database containing activity data for all public and private hospitals in Norway [2]. Reporting is mandatory and is linked to the re-imbursement system for funding of health services.The sudden change in patient copayment together with the complete record in the Patient Register presented us with a unique opportunity to study th
Assessing the association of oxytocin augmentation with obstetric anal sphincter injury in nulliparous women: a population-based, case–control study
Astrid B Rygh,Finn Egil Skjeldestad,Hartwig K？rner,Torbj？rn M Eggeb？
- , 2014, DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004592
Abstract: Objective To assess the association of oxytocin augmentation with obstetric anal sphincter injury among nulliparous women. Design Population-based, case–control study. Setting Primary and secondary teaching hospital serving a Norwegian region. Population 15？476 nulliparous women with spontaneous start of labour, single cephalic presentation and gestation ≥37？weeks delivering vaginally between 1999 and 2012. Methods Based on the presence or absence of oxytocin augmentation, episiotomy, operative vaginal delivery and birth weight (<4000 vs ≥4000？g), we modelled in logistic regression the best fit for prediction of anal sphincter injury. Within the modified model of main exposures, we tested for possible confounding, and interactions between maternal age, ethnicity, occiput posterior position and epidural analgaesia. Main outcome measure Obstetric anal sphincter injury. Results Oxytocin augmentation was associated with a higher OR of obstetric anal sphincter injuries in women giving spontaneous birth to infants weighing <4000？g (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.5 to 2.2). Episiotomy was not associated with sphincter injuries in spontaneous births, but with a lower OR in operative vaginal deliveries. Spontaneous delivery of infants weighing ≥4000？g was associated with a threefold higher OR, and epidural analgaesia was associated with a 30% lower OR in comparison to no epidural analgaesia. Conclusions Oxytocin augmentation was associated with a higher OR of obstetric anal sphincter injuries during spontaneous deliveries of normal-size infants. We observed a considerable effect modification between the most important factors predicting anal sphincter injuries in the active second stage of labour
Primary cervical cancer screening with an HPV mRNA test: a prospective cohort study
Elin Synn？ve Mortensen,Finn Egil Skjeldestad,Silje Fismen,Sveinung Wergeland S？rbye,Tore Jarl Gutteberg
- , 2016, DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011981
Abstract: Objectives To assess the performance of a 5-type human papillomavirus (HPV) messenger RNA (mRNA) test in primary screening within the framework of the Norwegian population-based screening programme. Design Nationwide register-based cohort study. Setting In 2003–2004, general practitioners and gynaecologists recruited 18？852 women for participation in a primary screening study with a 5-type HPV mRNA test. Participants After excluding women with a history of abnormal smears and with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2+) before or until 3？months after screening, 11？220 women aged 25–69？years were eligible for study participation. The Norwegian Cancer Registry completed follow-up of CIN2+ through 31 December 2009. Interventions Follow-up according to the algorithm for cytology outcomes in the population-based Norwegian Cervical Cancer Screening Programme. Main outcome measures We estimated cumulative incidence of CIN grade 3 or worse (CIN3+) 72？months after the 5-type HPV mRNA test. Results 3.6% of the women were HPV mRNA-positive at baseline. The overall cumulative rate of CIN3+ was 1.3% (95% CI 1.1% to 1.5%) through 72？months of follow-up, 2.3% for women aged 25–33？years (n=3277) and 0.9% for women aged 34–69？years (n=7943). Cumulative CIN3+ rates by baseline status for HPV mRNA-positive and mRNA-negative women aged 25–33？years were 22.2% (95% CI 14.5% to 29.8%) and 0.9% (95% CI 0.4% to 1.4%), respectively, and 16.6% (95% CI 10.7% to 22.5%) and 0.5% (95% CI 0.4% to 0.7%), respectively, in women aged 34–69？years. Conclusions The present cumulative incidence of CIN3+ is similar to rates reported in screening studies via HPV DNA tests. Owing to differences in biological rationale and test characteristics, there is a trade-off between sensitivity and specificity that must be balanced when decisions on HPV tests in primary screening are taken. HPV mRNA testing may be used as primary screening for women aged 25–33？years and 34–69？years
Ecological study on the use of hormonal contraception, abortions and births among teenagers in the Nordic countries
Finn Egil Skjeldestad,Helena Hognert,Ian Milsom,Ingela Lindh,Kristina Gemzell-Danielsson,Oskari Heikinheimo,？jvind Lidegaard
- , 2018, DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022473
Abstract: Objectives Compare hormonal contraceptive use, birth and abortion rates among teenagers in the Nordic countries. A secondary aim was to explore plausible explanations for possible differences between countries. Design Ecological study using national registry data concerning births and abortions among all women aged 15–19 years residing in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden 2008–2015. Age-specific data on prescriptions for hormonal contraceptives for the period 2008–2015 were obtained from national databases in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Setting Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Participants Women 15–19 years old in all Nordic countries (749 709) and 13–19 years old in Denmark, Norway and Sweden (815 044). Results Both annual birth rates and abortion rates fell in all the Nordic countries during the study period. The highest user rate of hormonal contraceptives among 15–19-year-olds was observed in Denmark (from 51% to 47%) followed by Sweden (from 39% to 42%) and Norway (from 37% to 41%). Combined oral contraceptives were the most commonly used methods in all countries. The use of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC), implants and the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems, were increasing, especially in Sweden and Norway. In the subgroup of 18–19-year-old teenagers, the user rates of hormonal contraceptives varied between 63% and 61% in Denmark, 56% and 61% in Norway and 54% and 56% in Sweden. In the same subgroup, the steepest increase of LARC was seen, from 2% to 6% in Denmark, 2% to 9% in Norway and 7% to 17% in Sweden. Conclusions Birth and abortion rates continuously declined in the Nordic countries among teenagers. There was a high user rate of hormonal contraceptives, with an increase in the use of LARC especially among the oldest teenagers
Revitalizing Traditional Chinese Concepts in the Modern Ecological Civilization Debate  [PDF]
Finn Arler
Open Journal of Philosophy (OJPP) , 2018, DOI: 10.4236/ojpp.2018.82009
Abstract: The subject of this paper is the question of China’s contribution to the establishment of an association of ecological civilizations—as seen from the perspective of a European—given the growing economic, political, and ecological influence that China has in the world today. The question is which values are likely to guide Chinese development. Can concepts like “sustainability”, “environmental carefulness”, and “common concerns of humankind” easily be integrated as topics on the Chinese agenda? Or are they likely to be expelled due to some basic values and ideas in traditional (or modern) Chinese worldviews? The paper discusses a number of modern interpretations that have argued that some basic concepts in the Chinese tradition are not only congenial with, but even provide fruitful additions to the modern debate about the establishment of cooperative ecological civilizations. In the final part the strong modern influence of both Marxist conceptions and consumerist behaviour is considered.
Electromagnetism and photons in continuous media
Ravndal, Finn
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology , 2008,
Abstract: Different theoretical and experimental aspects of electromagnetic phenomena in media is reviewed. The 100 year old Minkowski theory is in agreement with most experiments, but has theoretical problems related to its implied validity in all inertial frames. It is suggested that the similar Abraham theory should be permanently laid to rest since it is not compatible with basic quantum mechanics and is in disagreement with most experiments. Recently an effective field theory has been proposed which avoids these problems by considering the photon as a quasiparticle like any other excitation in condensed matter physics for which the rest frame of the medium is a preferred frame. It relates many different classical and quantum optical phenomena in a unified description.
第1页/共906条
每页显示 条


Home
Copyright © 2008-2020 Open Access Library. All rights reserved.